Abstract
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are ubiquitously found organelles. They both are dynamic structures able to divide, to fuse and to undergo autophagic processes. Their activities are dependent on proteins that are, for most (mitochondria) or all (peroxisome) of them, synthesized in the cytosol from the nuclear genome. Nevertheless, the membrane structures and the DNA content differ between these two organelles. Mitochondria possess a small circular genome while peroxisomes don’t. The control of their dynamic is dependent on specific factors even if some of those are able to affect both. These two organelles are metabolically connected: they are both involved in lipid metabolism. They are both able to beta oxidize fatty acids and are implicated in ROS production. However, their precise function in these metabolic pathways and their physiological functions are different. While mitochondrial metabolism is closely related to energy production, peroxisome does not seem to be associated with energy production but with the production of bioactive molecules and in detoxification processes.
Highlights
Fatty acids represent a complex family of bioactive molecules
The biogenesis and the turnover of mitochondria and peroxisomes may show a few similarities but again the mechanisms involved are specific for each organelle as well as the control exerted on these mechanisms
Than very long chain fatty acids were first oxidized in the peroxisome leading to the formation of shortened fatty acids as the peroxisomal beta oxidation is not complete
Summary
Fatty acids represent a complex family of bioactive molecules Even if they share the same kind of backbone, differences in their length, the number of double bounds and their location give to these molecules completely different metabolic fate and physiological activities. Very long chain fatty acids will be oxidized in the peroxisome but as peroxisomal oxidation is not complete and leads to shortened fatty acids, it has been hypothesized that these shortened fatty acids can be taken in charge by mitochondrial metabolism and be fully oxidized. This has never been clearly shown but seems possible. Fatty acid metabolisms in those two cell organelles are described and compared
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