Interaction Between Neuroimmune Activation Mechanisms in Epilepsy: the S100b Signaling Network and Brain-gut-bio-axis

Abstract

Epilepsy is a syndrome characterized by abnormal firing in the brain, with numerous risk factors. Autoimmune central nervous system diseases are currently being widely explored; however, the neuroimmune processes involved in epilepsy have not been fully elucidated. This disorder is associated with the rise in the blood protein S100b concentration; hence, S100b levels are considered damage markers. From a recent review, we discovered the interaction of epilepsy with neural immunity and intestinal immunity. Neural immunity in epilepsy is associated with S100b generation and consumption. Therefore, we expect that S100b can be used as immune activation material to amplify immune responses in epilepsy simultaneously with intestinal immune suppression. The symbiotic relationship with intestinal biological immune upregulates the intestinal immune function, alleviating adverse outcomes of neural immunity in local brain regions.