Abstract
BackgroundSeveral researches have been conducted on the associations between diet and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and major cardiovascular risk factors. However, there is no report about the interaction between major dietary patterns and CRF on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. To investigate the combined association of major dietary patterns and CRF on MetS and its components.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 apparently healthy adults living in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). CRF was assessed using a graded exercise treadmill test. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, and blood pressure were evaluated according to standard methods. Major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis.ResultsThree major identified dietary patterns were (healthy, mixed, and western). Significant positive association was found between mixed dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.68, 95% CI (1.92,7.78), P = 0.04). There were not relations between tertiles of identified dietary patterns and remained outcomes. Those who had higher adherence to mixed pattern with also higher CRF showed a significant decrease for diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01). Also we found that there was no significant interaction between any of dietary patterns and CRF on odds of MetS.ConclusionsOverall, adherence to mixed dietary pattern in this population was associated with increasing odds of MetS. However, nor CRF neither the combination of dietary patterns and CRF was related to the odds of MetS among Iranian adults. More studies are needed to clarify these associations and to consider interpersonal determinants.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a cluster of conditions that occur together, including excess fat accumulation around the waist, impaired metabolism of glucose due to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia such as increased blood triglycerides (TG), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [1, 2]
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome components varies in different populations due to their genetic and lifestyle differences [3], But it is important to note that metabolic syndrome can predispose individuals to type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease [4, 5]
The results of a clinical trial by Neuhouser et al conducted on 48,835 postmenopausal women showed that the low-fat dietary pattern intervention for 1 year can reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women about 17% compared to postmenopausal women with usual dietary pattern [20]
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a cluster of conditions that occur together, including excess fat accumulation around the waist, impaired metabolism of glucose due to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia such as increased blood triglycerides (TG), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [1, 2]. The results of several studies indicated that in addition to obesity, low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is one of the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome These studies showed that increasing amounts of physical activity and higher CRF in people contribute to their metabolic health even between obese individuals [6,7,8,9,10]. In a prospective longitudinal study of 3148 healthy adults, ages 18 or older, indicated that maintaining or improving fitness can reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome [15] It seems that diet can be another important key to higher CRF and lower risk of Mets [14, 16]. To investigate the combined association of major dietary patterns and CRF on MetS and its components
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