Abstract
BackgroundThis study was conducted to estimate Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot (FCR) disease incidence on wheat and their interaction with cultural methods (cultivar types, planting time, seed rate, crop rotation, and fertilizer practices) that are used in wheat cropping system in the south of Iraq, Basra province.ResultsThe results showed that the mean average of FHB and FCR was 27.2% and 31%, respectively. This displays that very nearly one-third of wheat crop planted in those 14 fields were infected by both diseases but not very severely, except in two fields (D and HM), which were devastating, 54% and 71% and 41% and 52% for FHB and FCR, respectively. The highest level of incidence for both diseases was associated with the earlier and latest planting dates 28 Oct. and 10 Dec., while the lowest was with 1, 10, and 23 Nov. A 200 and 120 kg/ha were the highest and lowest seed rates used in this study. The selected wheat fields differed in their pre-crop rotations (legume, corn, sorghum, okra, and continuous cropping system of wheat) in a previous year. The amount of added fertilizers (urea, DAP, and NPK) to the studied fields was in a high variation. The seven wheat cultivars examined in this study showed different levels of susceptibility to both diseases.ConclusionThe results verified that most of the agricultural practices examined in this study were associated with positive correlation for FHB and FCR in the occurrence of disease incidence. Except the cultivar type and fertilizer application had unclear relationship with the incidence of both diseases.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a substantial role in the world
According to the formula that was used in calculating the disease incidence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR), Table 2 shows the lowest percentage of FHB disease incidence was 3% which occurred in the TK wheat field, while the highest percentage of FHB disease incidence was 54% found in the D field
In terms of FCR, the lowest percentage of disease incidence was 6% which occurred in the Qurna/research station (QRS) wheat field, while the highest percentage of disease incidence was 71% which was recorded in the D field
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a substantial role in the world. It is one of the most significant sources of human food and the remarkably grown crop all over the world (Chakraborty et al 2006; Baenziger et al 2006). Wheat is the first cultivated crop and the highest cereal consumed by humans in a number of third world countries, i.e., Iraq (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Database Results 2018). It has been influenced damagingly by many plant pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, that. While for FHB disease in Iraqi wheat cropping system, it has been reported for the first time in the south of Iraq by Minati and Mohammed-Ameen (2019). This study was conducted to estimate Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot (FCR) disease incidence on wheat and their interaction with cultural methods (cultivar types, planting time, seed rate, crop rotation, and fertilizer practices) that are used in wheat cropping system in the south of Iraq, Basra province
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
