Interaction between Calcium and Actin in Guard Cell and Pollen Signaling Networks.

Dong-Hua Chen,Biswa R Acharya,Wei Zhang,Wei Liu

doi:10.3390/plants2040615

Dong-Hua Chen, Biswa R Acharya + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants2040615

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Abstract

Calcium (Ca2+) plays important roles in plant growth, development, and signal transduction. It is a vital nutrient for plant physical design, such as cell wall and membrane, and also serves as a counter-cation for biochemical, inorganic, and organic anions, and more particularly, its concentration change in cytosol is a ubiquitous second messenger in plant physiological signaling in responses to developmental and environmental stimuli. Actin cytoskeleton is well known for its importance in cellular architecture maintenance and its significance in cytoplasmic streaming and cell division. In plant cell system, the actin dynamics is a process of polymerization and de-polymerization of globular actin and filamentous actin and that acts as an active regulator for calcium signaling by controlling calcium evoked physiological responses. The elucidation of the interaction between calcium and actin dynamics will be helpful for further investigation of plant cell signaling networks at molecular level. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances in understanding the interaction between the two aforementioned signaling components in two well-established model systems of plant, guard cell, and pollen.

Highlights

Higher plants are equipped with signaling systems that play essential roles to fulfill their life cycles.Plant signaling transduction can be divided into several steps: the perception of developmental and environmental stimuli, the transduction of cellular signal by complex networks, and the physiological and morphological responses
A plant specific actin binding protein, SCAB1, has been identified and that interacts with filamentous actin (F-actin) and plays a regulatory role in ABA-mediated stomatal response [127]. These findings indicate the importance of actin dynamics in stomatal movements, but it appears that actin skeleton is rearranged passively
F-actin co-localizes with CDPK, and CDPK does not interact with actin directly, and actin binding proteins such as 135-kilodalton actin-bundling protein and myosin XI could be regulated by [Ca2+]cyt in regulation of actin bundling, suggesting that actin might be indirectly regulated by Ca2+ [165], these findings indicate that Ca2+ is an essential element in regulation of actin dynamics

Summary

Introduction

Higher plants are equipped with signaling systems that play essential roles to fulfill their life cycles. Recent researches support the concept of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) as an intracellular second messenger that mediates developmental and environmental stimuli into plant physiological and biochemical responses [4,5]. The investigations on the latter topic as how Ca2+ as one of the most important regulator in plant signaling have been carried out from whole-plant to single protein levels [5]. F-actin filaments (with 5 to 7 nm diameter) play important roles in cell shaping, division, growth, vesicle and organelle movements, cell death, as well as signaling in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses [10,11,12,13]. Available for quick polymerization in response of stimuli [17], and indicates the highly dynamic characteristic of actin network

Why Guard Cells and Pollens

Calcium and Actin in Pollens and Pollen Tubes

Conclusions and Perspectives