Interacting dark states with enhanced nonlinearity in an ideal four-level tripod atomic system

Abstract

We present an experimental system to generate large cross-phase modulation (XPM) in cold rubidium atoms. By using an efficient state-preparation technique in the $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ $D1$ line, an ideal four-level tripod-type atomic system is formed, which generates large cross-Kerr nonlinearity via interacting dark states in this system. The induced phase shift due to XPM for the probe beam is measured for different trigger beam intensities, which is the key to achieving conditional quantum phase gates and many other applications in quantum information processing.