Inter-sectoral analysis of the Greek economy and the COVID-19 multiplier effects

Abstract

ABSTRACT Using a multi-sector model, with joint-products and heterogeneous labour, and data from the Supply and Use Tables, this paper analyses the inter-sectoral structure of the Greek economy and estimates the COVID-19 multiplier effects on this economy. It is found that the economy is heavily dependent on imports of industrial commodities, while significant multiplier effects are concentrated, primarily, in services and, secondarily, in the primary production. Furthermore, using these estimations and the available facts and figures about the COVID-19 impact on the elements of autonomous demand in 2020, we estimate a decrease in GDP in the range of 5.67–7.16 per cent, a decrease in the levels of employment in the range of 5.32–7.20 per cent, and a decrease in total imports in the range of 10.40–15.53 per cent, respectively. The evaluation of the results of our analysis indicates that, on the one hand, a short-term demand management recovery programme could be implemented, mainly, through the Public Sector and, secondarily, the Tourism Sector, while, on the other hand, a long-term growth-oriented policy should be directed towards industrial production and implement policies of import substitution.