Inter-annual fluctuations of sociability in the common shrew (Sorex araneus L.) as determined by a preference test: A case of balancing selection?

Abstract

The specific aim of our study was to test individual common shrews from a population monitored long-term. In a preference test, we revealed sex-related differences in behavioral traits of young common shrews and consistent individual differences in sociability, boldness and in an exploration pattern that have not been reported previously. More active animals were bolder and more superficial in the exploration of non-social objects as compared to shier shrews. Significant inter-annual differences in sociability, boldness and exploratory activity were observed. When we assessed correlations of sociability with population density, non-residents’ abundance, activity shared in space, survivorship and home range size, we found a positive association with shared spatial activity and home range size. Contrary to expectation, sociability did not correlate with the density of residents and survivorship. A significant negative association of sociability with non-residents’ abundance was documented. Survivorship was associated only with an exploration pattern. The thoroughness of exploration positively correlated with non-residents’ abundance. We regard the inter-annual changes in sociability that we observed in the test as a by-product of survival of shrews with various exploration patterns that are associated with dispersal. We can hypothesize that the personality differences registered in this study are maintained by balancing frequency-dependent selection of animals that is associated with differences in habitat quality throughout the population cycle.