Inter- and intra-individual variation of faecal water — genotoxicity in human colon cells

Abstract

Exogenous nutritional factors modulate the faecal contents leading to an enhanced or reduced burden with toxic and cancerogenic factors. These factors are thought to contribute to colon cancer by inducing mutations or enhancing proliferation in colon cells. Faecal water more or less causes these effects in model systems and thus could be the basis for valuable biomarker approaches. Our investigations are aimed at determining geno- and cytotoxicity of faecal water in human colon cell lines in vitro. We are developing techniques for their applicability as biomarker tests during dietary intervention studies. Faecal water is isolated by centrifugation of the faeces at 25 000×g and added to cultured human colon cells (HT29). Membrane damage as assessed by trypan blue exclusion is determined as a measure for cytotoxicity. Semiquantitative analysis of inducible DNA damage (breaks and alkali labile sites) are analysed with the single cell microgelelectrophoresis assay (comet-assay) and oxidised DNA bases by the additional use of repair specific enzymes. We have now determined baseline toxic activities and calculated inter- and intra-individual and -experimental coefficients of variation for faecal water from different subjects consuming similar or different diets. Most faecal water induced DNA damage and oxidised DNA bases in HT29 clone 19a cells (0.9–9.14 fold and 1.7–4.9 fold, respectively in comparison to the NaCl controls). Intra- and inter-experimental coefficients (CV) of variation, were in a similar order of magnitude and ranged from 6.9 to 31.4. In contrast both intra- and inter-individual variability were considerably higher (CV-ranges of 29.7–76.6 and 21.3–64.0, respectively). Interestingly, these inter-individual values were not lowered when subjects consumed identical diets (CV-ranges of 28.4–126.0). However, following intervention with certain protective dietary regimens (e.g. lignan containing bread) significant reductions of faecal water-induced genotoxicity can be observed. Therefore, in spite of the expected and observed degrees of variation in this methodology, effective experimental protocols may still lead to detectable modulations of the level of toxic and genotoxic effects.