Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which could cause depressive phenomena like those observed in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Our study aimed at evaluating the changes of T-cells and certain blood parameters during intensive phase of TB treatment. In this prospective cohort, 140 consenting tuberculosis patients were enrolled. 5ml of blood was collected at baseline (M0), after one month (M1) and after two months (M2). Enumeration of CD4 cells, CD8 cells, and hematological parameters were done following standard protocols.The 118 participants comprised 63 (53.4%) TB/HIV negative patients (group 1) and 55 (46.6%) TB/HIV positive patients (group 2). At M0, blood levels of CD4, hemoglobin, total lymphocytes and platelets in group 2 were significantly lower than those of group 1 with p values of 0.001, 0.002, 0.018 and 0.032 respectively. CD8 level was significantly low in group 1 as compared to group 2 (p value: 0.38). Monocytes were low in both groups with no significant difference (p value: 0.097). At M2, there was a significant increase in the levels of CD4, CD8, monocytes, and hemoglobin as compared to M0. There was no significant change on level of total lymphocytes and platelets. In group 2: At M2, there was a significant increase in the levels of CD4, monocytes, hemoglobin, and platelets, and no statistically significant change on levels of CD8 cells and total lymphocytes. TB infection may result in lymphopenia, monopenia, and anemia, while co-infection with HIV may add thrombopenia to the mentioned disorders.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which continues to cause high mortality and morbidity
The classic therapeutic strategy of active tuberculosis is standardized and constitutes of two phases: the intensive phase has an association of four drugs and the continuous phase during four months has an association of only two drugs
Participant’s ages ranged from 18 to 70 years. They were distributed into two groups: group 1 consisted of 63 TB/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) negative patients with a median age of 27 years and the age range [2030[ years being the most represented, whereas group 2 consisted of 55 TB/HIV positive patients with a median age of 33 years and the most represented age group was [3040[ years
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which continues to cause high mortality and morbidity. The role of HIV infection became very evident in this resurgence. WHO reported in 2013 an estimation of 360 000 TB patients co-infected with HIV [2]. In Cameroon, approximately 20- 30% of TB patients co-infected with HIV die during the two months intensive phase of therapy [3]. The intensive phase of treatment of TB/HIV co-infected patients in Cameroon is carried out during hospitalization or through a weekly appointment under appropriate medical supervision. Antituberculosis treatment often leads to physiopathological effects which are mostly observed during the intensive phase [3, 4].
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