Intensive Outpatient Behavioral Treatment of Primary Urinary Incontinence of Children With Autism

Abstract

Three children With autism Who Were previously nonresponsive to loW-intensity toilet training interventions Were toilet trained using a modified Azrin and Foxx (1971) intensive toilet training procedure. Effects Were demonstrated using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants. The training Was conducted across home and school settings by parents and school staff. Each child achieved continence, and 2 children eventually initiated the majority of toileting events. Implications for future research and clinical practice and dissemination are discussed.