Abstract
The crystallization process of gas hydrates during their formation in the presence of surface-active substances (SAS) is studied. The research is conducted in two directions – theoretical and experimental. Experimental data on the crystallization rate of methane gas hydrates formation in the presence of surfactants have been obtained: high-molecular compounds are used on the basis of polymeric quaternary ammonium salts containing side aliphatic radicals of various lengths in the acyl fragment, as well as a number of specific surfactants. The process of methane gas hydrates formation is performed using a laboratory setup of the NPO modification for the gas hydrates creation. To analyse the experimental data, technical and metrological instruments are used: stalagmometric method with automatic photoelectric drop counting, conductometric method, Wheatstone bridge, spectrophotometric titration of amino end-groups, viscometer VPZh-1. It has been substantiated that the crystal formation rate depends on the surfactant concentration. New experimental dependences of the gas hydrates formation on surfactants under thermobaric conditions in the presence of surfactants have been found. It has been revealed that the crystallization process during the methane gas hydrates formation is accelerated in the presence of a surfactant. As a result of their application, the effect of solubilization and catalysis arises with the formation of the so-called “diffusion zone”, the size of which decreases in the presence of surfactants, thereby accelerating the substance transfer to the surface on which crystallization occurs. An increase in the surfactant concentration leads to an increase in the rate of molecular diffusion, and also creates a more intense turbulent diffusion.
Highlights
Gas hydrates are solid nonstoichiometric compounds of the cell type – clathrates (Latin clathratus, meaning “with bars, latticed”)
Clathrate compounds (Fig. 1) in general form are described by the formula M·n H2O n t 5.67, where М – gas molecule, n – water molecules number [1]
The purpose of the research is to determine the influence of surfactants on the gas hydrates crystallization process
Summary
Gas hydrates are solid nonstoichiometric compounds (of variable composition) of the cell type – clathrates (Latin clathratus (clatratus), meaning “with bars, latticed”). The interest in non-traditional ways of development and production of various energy sources in recent years is directly related to the annual increase in the consumption of fuel and energy resources, as well as their reserves depletion For this very reason, the intensification of geological exploration work for all types of energy feedstock is undoubtedly relevant both for Ukraine and many other countries around the world [9, 10]. In Ukraine, most of the coal reserves are located in difficult mining-and-geological conditions: low thickness of coal seams, large mining depths, low rock stability, increased water saturation, high gas content of seams [18,19,20] In this regard, it became necessary to create new strategies for the country's energy development. The relevance of this work is to develop reliable methods for predicting the processes of gas hydrates formation, which requires a detailed thermobaric conditions study
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