Abstract
5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is typically found in hydrolysate produced by thermal pretreatment and wastewater streams, and its presence can significantly inhibit anaerobic digestion (AD) performance. This study comprehensively investigates the impact of adding 1–5 g/L granular activated carbon (GAC) on the AD of 0.5–4 g/L 5-HMF. The innovation of this study is to clarify the mechanism of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in the AD system with 5-HMF as the sole source. Compared to the control group, adding 5 g/L GAC shows the most significant promotion effect, which increases the electron transfer activity of the sludge by 27.0%–75.0% and enhances the methane production peak rate by 27.5%–68.1%. GAC supplementation can rapidly reduce the concentration of 5-HMF by adsorption and alleviate its inhibition of microorganisms. SEM and microbial community analyses show that GAC enriches electroactive microbes and can promote AD by establishing the DIET pathway.
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