Abstract
The use of surface heating with heat exchangers significantly affects the temperature regime of the soil and the surface air layer. It is manifested in a change in the distribution of temperatures according to the soil horizon, in a considerable increase in the temperature of the soil and air, in a change of heat exchange between the soil and the surface layer of air. When using tunnel greenhouse, heating the soil with the coolant temperature of 25…30 ºC contributes to the creation of all necessary conditions in ground area equipped with a heat exchangers for shifting the vegetation period of ultra-early cultivation of agricultural crops, on average, by 1-2 months depending on the crop type. This allows for earlier sowing and planting of thermophilic crops and getting harvest earlier than usual, as well as increasing the amount of crop production and improving its quality. The thermal efficiency of soil heating with water-filled flexible sleeves was studied experimentally in a field model experiment performed in the climatic terms of the Ukrainian Polissya on sandy loam and chernozem soils. Strawberry of the “Festivalny” type was used as the main crop-indicator. The influence of soil heating with heat exchangers on the growth, development and yield of strawberries has been studied.
Highlights
The problem of getting early and permanent yields of agricultural crops, vegetables and berries; flowers of saleable quality is one of the major socioeconomic issue in agriculture of many countries
It is obvious that the thermal regime of the soil and the surface layer of air will be decisive for the intensification of the processes of growth and early cultivation of crops
As our research has shown for the heated soil, the relationship between its temperature (Y) at the depths of 5, 10, 20 cm, air temperature (Х) and water temperature in heat exchanger (Z), can be described by the following empiric equations: Y0.05 = X + 0.14×Z - 0.48; Rxyz = 0.95 (1)
Summary
The problem of getting early and permanent yields of agricultural crops, vegetables and berries; flowers of saleable quality is one of the major socioeconomic issue in agriculture of many countries. The role of climate in improving soil fertility is wellknown, scientists have even introduced a concept “agricultural fertility of the climate” as the ability of the atmosphere and the underlying surface to provide a certain level of soil fertility and agricultural crops yield through climatic resources. Each plant has its own strictly individual thermal-temporal structure of the development cycle from sowing to harvesting. The parameters of this cycle are strictly related to the corresponding level of temperatures in the soil and air. It is obvious that the thermal regime of the soil and the surface layer of air will be decisive for the intensification of the processes of growth and early cultivation of crops
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