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Abstract
The aim. This article is devoted to the intensification of the production process of a thick extract of milk thistle fruits using ultrasonic processing of raw materials.Materials and methods.As an object of the study, the crushed milk thistle fruitss from Penza “Biokor” company were used. As the extractant, an aqueous solution of ethanol 70% vol. was used. For ultrasonic processing of plant materials and extractant, the installation “Bandelin SONOPULS HD 3200” was used, the ultrasound frequency was 20 kHz, the radiator power was 280 W, and the temperature was 25°С. The concentration of the extract was performed using a rotary evaporator RV-10 at the temperature of 60°C and a vacuum of 600–650 Mmhg to a residual moisture content of 25%. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the thick extract was carried out using spectrophotometry and chromatography. Quantitative analysis of the amount of flavolignans was performed on an SF-56 spectrophotometer. The separation of the flavolignan complex and the quantification of silibinin was performed on a liquid chromatograph “Agilent Technologies 1200 Infinity”.Results and discussion. During the study it was found out, that processing of the crushed milk thistle fruits by ultrasound at the soaking stage almost doubles the output of the flavoligan complex from medicinal plant materials. The maximum amount of flavolignans is extracted when the fruits of milk thistle and extractant are processed with ultrasound at the frequency of 20 kHz for 5 minutes. Thus the obtained thick extract of milk thistle fruits in the component composition contains both the target flavolignan complex (87.39%, silibinin – 24.36%), providing the hepatoprotective effect, and flavonoids – chlorogenic acid (1.69%) and dihydroquercetin (10.92%) exhibiting antioxidant activity. It was established that, according to the qualitative composition of flavolignans, the obtained thick extract corresponds to preparations based on milk thistle. Thus, for the first time, the method was proposed for obtaining a thick extract of milk thistle fruits using ultrasonic processing of raw materials and extractant at the soaking stage. The obtained thick extract is proposed to be used as an active pharmaceutical substance for the production of granules based on methionine and milk thistle flavolignans.Conclusion. The results of the experiments allow us to recommend obtaining a thick extract of the milk thistle fruits, using the stage of ultrasonic processing of raw materials and extractant for 5 minutes at the ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz.
Highlights
According to the WHO, 30% of the population suffers from chronic diffuse liver dis eases,^ absolute values these are about 2 billion peo ple [1]
The findings suggest a wide spread use of preparations based on milk thistle fruits in domestic medicine
Quantitative determination of the amount of flavolig nans extracted from the fruits of S. marianum using ultra sonic procession, was determined according to the meth od of spectrophotometric determination of flavolignans by the complexation reaction with aluminum chloride [23]. 1 ml of the alcohol-water extraction from S. maria num fruits was placed in a flask at 100 ml, 3 ml of a 2% alcohol solution of aluminum chloride was added and the volume of the solution was made up to the mark with an aqueous solution of ethanol 70% vol The optical density of the obtained solution was measured after 30 minutes on an SF-56 spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 380 nm in a cuvette with a layer thickness of 10 mm
Summary
According to the WHO, 30% of the population suffers from chronic diffuse liver dis eases,^ absolute values these are about 2 billion peo ple [1]. The drugs containing milk thistle flavolignans are the most widely used herbal remedies for liver dis eases nowadays. During the preliminary analysis of the range of hepatoprotectors registered on the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation, it was established that the share of preparations based on milk thistle extract is 11.5% of the target market segment. In the course of the analysis, an information array was formed, comprising 115 positions of MP and BAA of milk this tle. Based on the data of the information array, diagrams have been constructed, shown in Figures 1- 2, illustrating the structure of the range of MP and BAA of milk thistle pharmacological groups and forms in which the complex of biologically active substances (BAS) of milk thistle is introduced into the MP and BAA
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