Intensification of disturbance destabilizes productivity through effects on dominant species

Abstract

• Both intensification and cessation of disturbance destabilized plant productivity. • Community stability was mainly driven by the stability of dominant species. • Maintaining disturbance may be an appropriate strategy for community stability. Disturbances, including anthropogenic disturbances, are integral to the maintenance of grassland ecosystems. Most research on anthropogenic disturbances focuses on the effects of intensification, yet cessation of disturbance can have equally important effects on grassland biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Natural disturbances have largely been replaced by anthropogenic disturbance, which has pronounced effects on community function and structure in grassland ecosystems. It is still unclear how changing disturbance intensity affects community stability and its mechanisms. We examined the temporal stability of above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) in a seven-year field mowing experiment which included normal disturbance (control, mowing annually at 5 cm stubble height), increasing disturbance (mowing annually at 2 cm stubble height) and ceasing disturbance (no mowing) in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. Overall, ceasing disturbance increased ANPP of whole community but increasing disturbance had no significant effect on community ANPP, which was driven by ANPP of dominant species; and species richness and asynchrony were independent of changing disturbance. Despite having no effect on species richness, both intensification and cessation of disturbance destabilized plant community productivity, primarily through effects on the stability of the dominant species. This highlights the importance of dominant species in driving community dynamics. Maintaining disturbance intensity is an appropriate strategy to maintain hay production and community stability in typical steppe in Inner Mongolia, and may be beneficial to the development of sustainable utilization of grassland and may ensure the income of resident population.