Abstract
Intensified degumming of crude soybean oil was investigated using ultrasound assisted combination approaches based on longitudinal ultrasonic horn at a capacity of 5 L with comparison with the conventional processing based on only ultrasound. The combination of ultrasound and oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium persulphate (KPS), Peroxymono sulphate (PMS) and Fenton reagent have been investigated for establishing the efficacy for intensified degumming. Combination of ultrasound and H2O2 loading at 100 ppm resulted in 94.15% phospholipid reduction at 150 W power and ambient temperature. Enhanced extent of degumming was observed for combination of ultrasound with KPS and PMS as 95.10 and 95.55% respectively. Ultrasound combined with Fenton reagent resulted in significant increase in extent of degumming (98.28%). Best degumming protocol was established as the combination of ultrasound with UV and hydrogen peroxide giving 99.18% phospholipid removal in only 120 min of treatment. The degumming was also supported by positive changes in the oil characteristics in terms of reduction in acid value (0.74 as the final value) and better oxidative stability (TOTOX value of ˂ 4). The present work demonstrated intensified degumming protocol for crude soybean oil processing for obtaining more than 99% degumming with better characteristics of processed oil.
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