Abstract
Photoluminescence measurements showed that needle-like tungsten oxide nanostructures synthesized at 590°C to 750°C by the thermal evaporation of WO3 nanopowders without the use of a catalyst had an intense near-ultraviolet (NUV) emission band that was different from that of the tungsten oxide nanostructures obtained in other temperature ranges. The intense NUV emission might be due to the localized states associated with oxygen vacancies and surface states.
Highlights
Tungsten oxide is of particular interest owing to its outstanding electrochromic, optochromic, and gas chromic properties [1,2,3], which make it a promising candidate for applications in smart windows, wide-angle high-contrast displays, gas, and temperature sensors [4,5,6]
This paper reports a simple novel thermal evaporation technique to obtain tungsten oxide nanostructures with a range of morphologies and sizes using a single apparatus and a single process and an intense ultraviolet emission from the needle-like tungsten oxide nanostructures grown in the temperature zone from 590 to 750°C by thermal evaporation
A pad tungsten oxide layer and a very low density of tungsten oxide whiskers oriented in random directions on the pad tungsten oxide layer in zone 1 were observed (Figure 2a), which suggests that the two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures formed first on the Si substrate and subsequently 1D nanostructures formed on the pregrown 2D nanostructures
Summary
Tungsten oxide is of particular interest owing to its outstanding electrochromic, optochromic, and gas chromic properties [1,2,3], which make it a promising candidate for applications in smart windows, wide-angle high-contrast displays, gas, and temperature sensors [4,5,6]. Two strong emissions from tungsten oxide nanostructures, near-ultraviolet (NUV) emission and blue emission, have been reported [7,8,9,10,11,12]. Luo et al [8] reported that the NUV and blue emissions from the WO3 - x nanowire network were due to the state of oxygen vacancies and a band-to-band transition, respectively. Chang et al [11] suggested that the blue emission from nitrogendoped tungsten oxide nanowires was due to oxygen vacancies. This paper reports a simple novel thermal evaporation technique to obtain tungsten oxide nanostructures with a range of morphologies and sizes using a single apparatus and a single process and an intense ultraviolet emission from the needle-like tungsten oxide nanostructures grown in the temperature zone from 590 to 750°C by thermal evaporation. The power density at the surface of the sample surface was approximately 7 W/cm
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