Abstract
Intense red upconversion emission around 650 nm in PbGeO 3–PbF 2–CdF 2 transparent glass ceramic containing β-PbF 2:Ho 3+ nanocrystals, is presented. The holmium-doped vitroceramic samples were excited by a 980 nm diode laser source. The 650 nm upconversion signal was assigned to the 5F 5→ 5I 8 transition of holmium ions. Very low intensity signals around 490 and 540 nm corresponding to the 5F 2,3→ 5I 8 and 4S 2, 5F 4→ 5I 8 transitions, respectively, were also detected. The upconversion excitation mechanism was achieved through a combination of stepwise phonon-assisted multiphoton absorption, cross-relaxation processes involving pairs of holmium ions, and excited-state absorption. Using a diode laser pump source around 850 nm green upconversion emission around 540 nm was the observed predominant signal.
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