Abstract
Currently, tracking in photovoltaic (PV) systems suffers from some problems such as high energy consumption, poor anti-interference performance, and large tracking errors. This paper presents a solar PV tracking system on the basis of an improved perturbation and observation method, which maximizes photoelectric conversion efficiency. According to the projection principle, we design a sensor module with a light-intensity-detection module for environmental light-intensity measurement. The effect of environmental factors on the system operation is reduced, and intelligent identification of the weather is realized. This system adopts the discrete-type tracking method to reduce power consumption. A mechanical structure with a level-pitch double-degree-of-freedom is designed, and attitude correction is performed by closed-loop control. A worm-and-gear mechanism is added, and the reliability, stability, and precision of the system are improved. Finally, the perturbation and observation method designed and improved by this study was tested by simulated experiments. The experiments verified that the photoelectric sensor resolution can reach 0.344°, the tracking error is less than 2.5°, the largest improvement in the charge efficiency can reach 44.5%, and the system steadily and reliably works.
Highlights
Following the development in the world economy, energy consumption has continuously increased
This paper presents a solar PV tracking system on the basis of an improved perturbation and observation method, which maximizes photoelectric conversion efficiency
The orientation of solar panels in most solar PV power generation systems is fixed, which leads to low generation efficiency
Summary
Following the development in the world economy, energy consumption has continuously increased. If ΔP is negative, the current disturbance causes the PV cell output power to decrease, which means a change in the disturbance direction is needed and so on until ΔP tends to zero At this time, the system operates at the maximum power point and maintains the current duty ratio. The same error exists when the current power output is to the right of the maximum power point At this moment, the disturbance observation control would perform a wrong operation in response to the illumination change. It supplies power to the motor drive module, display module, light-searching sensors, laser tube positioning, and realization of the MPPT circuit and FPGA minimum system using voltage-conversion chips 7808, 2940, and 1117–3.3–5.0. The following introduces the overall design of the software system: Main working procedure of the system:
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