Abstract

In the United States, a succession of lost legal battles forced opponents of public education in evolution to downgrade their goals repeatedly. By the 1980s, evolution was ensconced in the biology curricula of public schools, and references to the creator of life were illegal. The question of the day was whether instruction in creation, without reference to the creator, as an alternative explanation of life violated the constitutional separation of church and state. In 1987, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that it did, and intelligent design (ID) rose from the ashes of creation science. ID may be seen as a downgraded form of creation. While the creation science movement sought to have biology students introduced to the notion that creation is evident in the complexity of living things, the ID movement sought to have students introduced to the notion that design, intelligence, and purpose are evident,3 ID preserves everything in the notion of creation but making.KeywordsEvolutionary ComputationIntelligent DesignFree LunchNeutral MutationNatural CausationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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