Abstract
Microgrids can be considered as controllable units from the utility point of view because the entities of microgrids such as distributed energy resources and controllable loads can effectively control the amount of power consumption or generation. Therefore, microgrids can make various contracts with utility companies such as demand response program or ancillary services. Another advantage of microgrids is to integrate renewable energy resources to low-voltage distribution networks. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) can effectively compensate the intermittent output of renewable energy resources. This paper presents intelligent control schemes for BESSs and autonomous energy management schemes of microgrids based on the concept of multi-agent systems. The proposed control scheme consists of two layers of decision-making procedures. In the bottom layer, intelligent agents decide the optimal operation strategies of individual microgrid entities such as BESSs, backup generators and loads. In the upper layer, the central microgrid coordinator (MGCC) coordinates multiple agents so that the overall microgrid can match the load reduction requested by the grid operator. The proposed control scheme is applied to Korea Power Exchange’s Intelligent Demand Response Program.
Highlights
Microgrids have recently emerged as a new paradigm for future power systems because they can host multiple renewable energy resources in local distribution systems and can supply reliable electric power to customers
We present improved intelligent control schemes for Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) agents using state machine concept and fuzzy-logic charging/discharging algorithms in order to participate in the Intelligent DR Program (IDRP) of Korea Power Exchange (KPX)
This paper presents autonomous and intelligent energy management schemes of microgrids applying the concept of multi-agent systems
Summary
Microgrids have recently emerged as a new paradigm for future power systems because they can host multiple renewable energy resources in local distribution systems and can supply reliable electric power to customers. Microgrids can supply ancillary services to power grids such as voltage support, harmonic compensation, and power reserve margin supplement [1,2,3,4] In this sense, this paper focuses on the demand response (DR) program where microgrids can provide economic profits from the energy market. Reference [7] provides a rule-based control scheme for a BESS to compensate for the variations of solar PVs and wind turbines. Proposes fuzzy-logic-based BESS control scheme for a DC microgrid that consists of a solar PV and fuel cells for generation and two BESSs and a super capacitor for energy storage. This paper proposes an intelligent control scheme for a BESS based on the concept of multi-agent system.
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