Abstract
Phototherapy is a promising oncotherapy method. However, there are various factors greatly restricted phototherapy development, including poor tumor-specific accumulation, the hypoxia in solid tumor, and the systemic phototoxicity of photosensitizer. Herein, a tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive intelligent bimetallic nanoagents (HSA-Pd-Fe-Ce6 NAs) composed of human serum albumin (HSA), palladium-iron (Pd-Fe) bimetallic particles, and chlorin e6 (Ce6) was designed for effective combination phototherapy. The Pd-Fe part in the HSA-Pd-Fe-Ce6 NAs would react with the endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an acidic ambiance within tumor to generate cytotoxic superoxide anion free radical through the “Fenton-like reaction.” H2O2, coupled with highly toxic singlet oxygen (1O2) caused by the Ce6 component under the irradiation of 660 nm laser, resulted in synergistic cancer therapy effects in hypoxia surroundings. Besides, this nanoagents could result in hyperpyrexia-induced cell apoptosis because of superior absorption performance in near-infrared wavelength window bringing about excellent photothermal conversion efficiency. The cell cytotoxicity results showed that the survival rate after treated by 40 μg mL–1 nanoagents was only 17%, which reveals that the HSA-Pd-Fe-Ce6 NAs had the advantage of efficient and controllable phototherapy. In short, it exhibited excellent hypoxia-resistant combination phototherapy efficacy in vitro. Therefore, the multifunctional nanoagents are powerful and provide a new avenue for effective combination phototherapy.
Highlights
Cancer has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide
As revealed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) (Figure 1A), the synthesized human serum albumin (HSA)-Pd-Fe-chlorin e6 (Ce6) NAs showed average sizes at ≈20 nm and it can be observed that PdFe NPs are wrapped by HSA
As illustrated by UV–vis spectra (Figure 1C), the Ce6 characteristic peaks (410 and 660 nm) and the characteristic peaks at 300 nm, which corresponded to HSA both are seen in the spectrum of the synthesized HSA-Pd-Fe-Ce6 NPs
Summary
Cancer has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As the GLOBOCAN 2018 reported, there were 18.1 million new cases of cancer and 9.6 million deaths resulting from cancer in 2018 (Bray et al, 2018). The conventional cancer treatment options are chemotherapy, surgery resection, and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy often comes with systemic side effects and high recurrence rate,which is associated with surgical resection (Sun et al, 2019). Radiation therapy is limited by the cumulative radiation dose. It is an urgent issue to develop a smart, safe, efficient, and cost-effective alternative strategy to treat cancer (Liu et al, 2018; Pu et al, 2019)
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