Intelligence neurobiological fundamentals.

Abstract

A review of neuro- and psychophysiological studies, complementary scientific knowledge about the content of the concept of “intelligence” have been presented. The approaches to intelligence as a biological formation and to influence of physiological factors on individual differences in intellectual development have been considered. We have analyzed the spectrum of research in the field of intelligence psychogenetics. It has been noticed that in differential psychology and neuroscience, big attention was paid to studying of intelligence dependence on individual performance and typological differences in the regulatory systems’ activity. The structures of the central nervous system responsible for intellectual competence have been studied, the correlations between the electrophysiological indices of the brain function and success of solutions of different intellectual tasks have been established, the interhemispheric interaction has been analyzed in order to identify morphological and functional prerequisites of intelligence. The common approach to intelligence assessment is based on the fact that the brain work’s features determine properties of mental processes and constitute a physiological basis of intellectual ability.