Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intelligence and income on nutrition in Brazil, by means of large-scale secondary data. The cognitive abilities of students were used as a measure of intelligence. In order to evaluate the nutritional quality of the population, the state hunger and undernutrition index (SHUI) was created. The intelligence explained 34% of the SHUI variation in the country. The development of the population’s intelligence influences the decrease in the rates of hunger and undernutrition.
Highlights
The hypotheses of the present study considered that intelligence and income per capita are positively associated in Brazilian states, but intelligence explains a greater variation in malnutrition than per capita income
In a model of linear regression, after the conversion of the variables analyzed with spatial analysis, the intelligence and the per capita income of the population of Brazil’s states predicted, together, 35.3% of the variation of the state hunger and undernutrition index (SHUI) in Brazil’s states and the FD, and the effect size (n2 p) was too large for intelligence and income per capita (p = 0.005; n2 p = 1; n2 p = 1), but only the intelligence alone explained, in a statistically significant way, the 34%
Per capita income, when its effects were controlled by the intelligence, did not explain the variation of the SHUI (p = 0.494; n2 p = 1)
Summary
Intelligence and Their Effects on Social Indicators. It should be highlighted that general intelligence has a positive and high correlation with academic and social performance indicators, either at the individual or collective level [2,3,4,5]. The average school achievement of the nations’ inhabitants correlated positively with the population’s intelligence in 187 countries (r = 0.93) [6]. In this sense, some authors use the students’ cognitive abilities (CAs), represented by the students’ scores in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), as intelligence estimates [7,8]
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