Abstract
The implementation of a building project in any place largely depends on the integration of different stakeholders so that none of them can control or execute the project on their own. Both can be influenced by the practices of project management. There is no universal theoretical basis in the management of this work to define "communication, coordination, and cooperation" (3C). The role of various 3C concepts is explored in this paper. The business environment and human behaviour are identified as two major parts based on the analysis of selected articles in well-known construction management journals across the various domains. 3C and its connection to the performance of the construction project. The objective of this article is therefore to explain the definition of 3C and their relationship between them. The logic of communication and coordination exchange is an important link. As a result, collaboration becomes more difficult and requires more time and effort.
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