Abstract
Two Peruvian strains of the genus Brachionus were isolated from impacted coastal wetlands. With an integrative taxonomic view, we described their taxonomic status, morphological characters, productive parameters, and phylogenetic position. In the case of both strains, the relationship between biometrics and productive parameters obtained with Principal Components Analysis indicated that the lorica length was associated with longevity, progeny, egg production, and reproductive age, while the lorica width and aperture were associated with the maximum number of eggs carried. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analysis carried out with mtDNA COI gene and rDNA ITS1 region showed that both strains were clustered in two clades with distinct phylogenetic positioning from what is currently known for Brachionus plicatilis s.l. One of the strains, Z010-VL, is proposed to be a subspecies of L4 (B. paranguensis), and the other strain, Z018-SD, is proposed as a sub species of SM2 (B. koreanus). In addition, 33 and 31 aquaculture production lineages are proposed, delimited by COI and concatenated COI+ITS1 sequences, respectively. Finally, this study provides new tools that enhance the traceability of the origin of each sub-species throughout the world.
Highlights
The taxonomy of the Brachionus plicatilis species complex began with the first description performed by Müller in 1786, and other reports went on to describe the species as potentially cosmopolitan [1,2]
We present the results of an integrative taxonomic study of the lineage of two Peruvian strains IMP-BG Z010-VL and IMP-BG Z018-SD, from species L4 and SM2, respectively, in order to contribute to the description of the taxonomy and diversity of the species
We evaluated the correlation between productivity and biometric parameters of these Brachionus isolated from impacted coastal wetlands, drawing attention to this environmental issue based on individual descriptions of the life cycle of two strains and the relationship of their production parameters against three morphometric measurements
Summary
The taxonomy of the Brachionus plicatilis species complex began with the first description performed by Müller in 1786, and other reports went on to describe the species as potentially cosmopolitan [1,2]. Fifteen different species have currently been postulated, but only seven formal delimited species have been described [4,5], taking into consideration the analysis of the nuclear rDNA ITS1 region. There are important efforts to begin formal descriptions and to provide useful information for those wishing to experiment with multidisciplinary research with local strains, especially considering their high utility in the local aquaculture [13,14,15,16], the current taxonomic status of Peruvian strains of B. plicatilis is still unclear
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