Integrative Review Verification of the Influence of Atrazine Exposure on Behavioral, Neurochemical and Parkinsons Disease Disorders

Lorena Pantaleon,Guilherme Mendes Ribeiro,Leonardo Ribeiro De Paula,Beatriz Do Prado Pacca,Andre Rinaldi Fukushima,Juliana Weckx Pena Munoz,Helenice De Souza Spinosa,Esther Lopes Ricci

doi:10.37871/jbres1347

Lorena Pantaleon, Guilherme Mendes Ribeiro + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1347

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Abstract

Herbicides represent the largest portion of pesticides used both worldwide and in Brazil. Many of these compounds are applied on a large scale in native forests and in urban and industrial water environments, including atrazine. Due to its low cost, ability to remain active in the soil for long periods and potential effect on weed removal, atrazine ranks 5th in the ranking of most used pesticide in Brazil. Although the use of pesticides increases agricultural production, their intensive use can often cause negative effects on fauna and flora. Studies have shown that exposure to atrazine can cause various harmful effects in mammals, of both sexes, such as structural, neuroendocrine and/or behavioral changes. Considering the seriousness of the situation and the possible toxicological and pathological implications that atrazine can generate in the animal organism, the objective of this work was to carry out an integrative literature review in order to verify the scientific panorama on issues related to atrazine exposure and its impacts, mainly with regard to its toxicity on the central nervous system. To carry out this article, a bibliographic survey of scientific material obtained in the following databases was carried out: US National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences - LILACS), Science Direct and Google® Academic, in the last 25 years. The MeSH Terms used in the search were: “Parkinson's disease”, “atrazine”, “herbicide” and “endocrine disruptor”. The following were found in the Science Direct indexers: 115 records, PubMed 52 records, in LILACS no articles were found, and 1330 records were found in Google® Academic.

Highlights

PesticidesPesticides, according to Brazilian legislation, are synthetic chemical products with functions, mainly, herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides, used in the population control of insects, larvae, fungi, ticks, and weeds, in the management of vectors of various diseases and growth regulation vegetation, both in rural and urban environments [1,2]
Several studies have been carried out to evaluate, in female rodents, the effects of exposure to atrazine. These studies focus on the analysis of the estrogenic endocrine disrupting potential of atrazine and focused mainly on the analysis of the development of the mammary gland, the time of vaginal opening, reproductive senescence, decreased relative organ weight and changes in the estrous cycle [64,65], as summarized in table 3 and detailed below
The impact of atrazine on cyclicity has been related to a decrease in the concentration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) that signals to the pituitary, resulting in the interruption of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) secretion and subsequent ovulation suppression [71]

Summary

Introduction

PesticidesPesticides, according to Brazilian legislation, are synthetic chemical products with functions, mainly, herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides, used in the population control of insects, larvae, fungi, ticks, and weeds, in the management of vectors of various diseases and growth regulation vegetation, both in rural and urban environments [1,2]. The terms pesticides and agricultural defensives, among others, are used as a synonym for pesticides, which shows how controversial the debate on the use of these products is currently. These products are used in agricultural and nonagricultural activities. Agricultural activities are related and intended for use in the production, land cleaning and soil preparation sectors, in the crop monitoring stage, in the storage, storage and processing of agricultural products, in pastures and planted forests. Non-agricultural use, on the other hand, occurs to protect native forests or other ecosystems, such as lakes and weirs, and urban, water and industrial environments, whose purpose is to change the composition of flora or fauna, to preserve them from action of living beings considered harmful [1,3]

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