Abstract
to identify the socio-spatial determinants associated with the incidence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) described in national and international literature. integrative literature review that included original articles indexed in the LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL, and Scopus databases, from 2015 to 2019. The synthesis of the articles was done in a descriptive manner in two categories according to the type of approach. 13 articles were selected, with a predominance of ecological studies. Regions with deficient access to health services, high population density, higher rates of poverty, intense migratory flow, border areas, as well as precarious socioeconomic conditions, and risk behaviors are associated with higher rates of infection. the influence of regional inequalities on the incidence of HIV infection is revealed, confirming the relevance of spatial analysis techniques for mapping the distribution of diseases and identifying risk areas.
Highlights
Nearing 40 years of its discovery, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is still a major challenge for public health worldwide
In Brazil, the approach of the territory as a space of process and social construction was incorporated from the geographer Milton Santos, allowing epidemiology to confront the changes in the epidemiological profile secondary to globalization, and to refute the approaches that disregarded the socio-spatial influences in the health and illness process[25]
There was an increase in incidence rates among females and young adults, as well as factors such as low socioeconomic conditions, sexual behaviors, and blood transfusions were pointed out in most publications as conducive to HIV infection
Summary
Nearing 40 years of its discovery, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is still a major challenge for public health worldwide. Despite the 47% decline in the number of new infections since 1996, there were 37.9 million people living with HIV in 2018, and it is estimated that, since the beginning of the epidemic, 32 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses. In the environment, people are exposed to situations that have an influence on their health. These situations do not solely depend on the individuals themselves and their family context, but are consequences of inefficient political management over the quality of life of the populations, which results in unequal access to public goods and services[3,4]
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