Abstract
BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease and is characterized by excessive fat accumulation. Kaili Sour Soup, a food typical of Guizhou Province, is believed to have significant health benefits. Thus, we aimed to identify and assess the impact of Kaili Sour Soup on NAFLD and its underlying mechanism using integrative proteomic and lipidomic analysis.MethodsA high-fat diet and male Wistar rats were used to construct a NAFLD rat model. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Oil Red O staining analyses were used to perform the histologic examination. Proteomic analysis was utilized to systematically identify the global protein profile in NAFLD with and without Kaili Sour Soup treatment. Western blot assays were used to verify the expression of proteins screened by proteomic analysis. Lipidomic analysis was performed to screen lipid metabolism in NAFLD with and without Kaili Sour Soup treatment.ResultsKaili Sour Soup alleviated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver and had a normalizing effect on physiological and biochemical indicators of NAFLD, including body weight, liver weight, liver index, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and insulin resistance level of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Kaili Sour Soup decreased the levels of 13 proteins (Tmem44, Rnaseh2b, Gstm6l, LOC100910877, Rufy4, Slc12a2, Pcif1, P4503A1, Sult1e1, Nop53, AABR07065656.4, AABR07065789.3) that were upregulated by HFD and increased the levels of 3 proteins (Sult1c2, Sult1c2a, Snrnp48) that were downregulated by HFD. Kaili Sour Soup attenuated the HFD-induced increase in acyl carnitine (AcCa) and enhanced the HFD-induced decreases in gangliosides (GM3) and lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) in the NAFLD rat model.ConclusionsAltogether, this study revealed that Kaili Sour Soup attenuated HFD-induced fatty liver and systematically identified abnormal proteins and lipids involved in the role of Kaili Sour Soup in a NAFLD rat model.
Highlights
Kaili Sour Soup, a food typical of Guizhou Province, is naturally fermented using traditional techniques, with red peppers and tomatoes as the main ingredients
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is classically subdivided into nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), which is characterized by fatty infiltration without hepatocellular injury, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by inflammation and ballooning, with or without fibrosis [2]
There was an increase in body weight, liver weight, liver index, Lee’s index, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, insulin level (FINS), and insulin resistance level (HOMAIR) (Table 1)
Summary
Kaili Sour Soup, a food typical of Guizhou Province, is naturally fermented using traditional techniques, with red peppers and tomatoes as the main ingredients. Probiotics, prebiotics, lactic acid, Cong et al Nutr Metab (Lond) (2021) 18:26 acetic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other beneficial ingredients in sour soup [1] have significant human health benefits. These factors are worthy of indepth exploration and research, especially given the role that they play in the body’s metabolic processes. A high-fat and refined carbohydrate diet is the major inducer of hyperinsulinaemia and fatty liver. To this point, dietary intervention has been the most important clinical intervention for NAFLD and NASH, but dietary intervention cannot treat NAFLD and NASH [3]. We aimed to identify and assess the impact of Kaili Sour Soup on NAFLD and its underlying mechanism using integrative proteomic and lipidomic analysis
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