Abstract
Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 has been widely used as probiotic in chicken for Salmonella reduction. However, a preferable carbon source and growth phase is poorly characterized underlying metabolic responses on growth and inhibition effects of L. reuteri KUB-AC5. This study therefore aimed to investigate transcriptome profiling of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 revealing global metabolic responses when alteration of carbon sources and growth phases. Interestingly, L. reuteri KUB-AC5 grown under sucrose culture showed to be the best for fast growth and inhibition effects against Salmonella Enteritidis S003 growth. Towards the transcriptome profiling and reporter proteins/metabolites analysis, the results showed that amino acid transport via ABC systems as well as sucrose metabolism and transport are key metabolic responses at Logarithmic (L)-phase of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 growth. Considering the Stationary (S)-phase, we found the potential reporter proteins/metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism e.g., levansucrase and levan. Promisingly, levansucrase and levan were revealed to be candidates in relation to inhibition effects of L. reuteri KUB-AC5. Throughout this study, L. reuteri KUB-AC5 had a metabolic control in acclimatization to sucrose and energy pools through transcriptional co-regulation, which supported the cell growth and inhibition potentials. This study offers a perspective in optimizing fermentation condition through either genetic or physiological approaches for enhancing probiotic L. reuteri KUB-AC5 properties.
Highlights
Probiotics are defined as microorganisms that can live in the gastrointestinal tract and confer benefits to the host health (FAO/WHO, 2001)
Among well-known probiotics, Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 isolated from the chicken intestine displays an effective inhibition activity against a broad spectrum of the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. (Nakphaichit et al, 2011; Nitisinprasert et al, 2000)
The maximum specific growth rate of 0.05 h−1 was obtained in the sucrose culture, which was significantly higher than that of the glucose culture, as well as the bacterial biomass productivity was significantly higher in the sucrose culture (0.36 log CFU/ml/h) than in the glucose culture (0.28 log CFU/ml/h) under P-value < 0.05 (Table S2)
Summary
Probiotics are defined as microorganisms that can live in the gastrointestinal tract and confer benefits to the host health (FAO/WHO, 2001). They play an important role in pathogen elimination through their antimicrobial activity and adhesion properties to gut epithelial mucosa and colonization in the microbial ecosystem (Fonseca et al, 2021). Among well-known probiotics, Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 isolated from the chicken intestine displays an effective inhibition activity against a broad spectrum of the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Nakphaichit et al (2018) found that the strain KUB-AC5 for 107 CFU/ml inhibited pathogenic bacteria e.g., Salmonella. It could promoted the growth of chicken and inhibited Klebsiella, Chryseobacterium, Citrobacter, Aeromonas, and Acinetobacter (Nakphaichit et al, 2011)
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