Abstract
Water dropwort (Liyang Baiqin, Oenanthe javanica (BI.) DC.) is an aquatic perennial plant from the Apiaceae family with abundant protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. It usually grows in wet soils and can even grow in water. Here, whole-genome sequencing of O. javanica via HiSeq 2000 sequencing technology was reported for the first time. The genome size was 1.28 Gb, including 42,270 genes, of which 93.92% could be functionally annotated. An online database of the whole-genome sequences of water dropwort, Water dropwortDB, was established to share the results and facilitate further research on O. javanica (database homepage: http://apiaceae.njau.edu.cn/waterdropwortdb). Water dropwortDB offers whole-genome and transcriptome sequences and a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Comparative analysis with other species showed that the evolutionary relationship between O. javanica and Daucus carota was the closest. Twenty-five gene families of O. javanica were found to be expanded, and some genetic factors (such as genes and miRNAs) related to phenotypic and anatomic differentiation in O. javanica under different water conditions were further investigated. Two miRNA and target gene pairs (miR408 and Oja15472, miR171 and Oja47040) were remarkably regulated by water stress. The obtained reference genome of O. javanica provides important information for future work, thus making in-depth genetic breeding and gene editing possible. The present study also provides a foundation for the understanding of the O. javanica response to water stress, including morphological, anatomical, and genetic differentiation.
Highlights
1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; Introduction Water dropwort (Liyang Baiqin, Oenanthe javanica (BI.) DC.) is an aquatic perennial herb that belongs to the Apiaceae family
This study aimed to provide useful information on the water dropwort genome for the evolution and comparative genomics analyses and to identify the genetic factors related to the phenotypic and anatomic differences that emerged in O. javanica under different water conditions
This study focused on the effects induced by different water conditions on O. javanica and attempted to identify some factors related to the apparent and anatomic differences that emerged in O. javanica under three water conditions
Summary
Water dropwort (Liyang Baiqin, Oenanthe javanica (BI.) DC.) is an aquatic perennial herb that belongs to the Apiaceae family. Different chromosome numbers for O. javanica have been reported by different researchers, such as 22, 42, and 441–3. Apiaceae vegetables with high nutritional and economic value, such as carrot, celery and parsley, are commonly used and consumed[4–6]. The evolutionary branch of the genus Oenanthe was divided from the tribe Oenantheae ~11 million years ago, and O. javanica emerged approximately 4.73 million years ago O. javanica is a vegetable with high vitamin and mineral contents. It has several pharmacological properties, including hepatoprotective[7], antithrombotic, antiarrhythmic, antidiabetic, antihepatitis B virus[8], neuroprotective[9], and anticancer activities[10]. Considerable pharmacological studies have been performed on O. javanica, but its genetic information is still limited.
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