Abstract
This article presents the development of J. L. Holland's “congruence theory” (1985, Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall) in four layers: (1) vocational interests and occupational choices as a dichotomy of fit vs nonfit, (2) level of congruence between vocational interests and occupational choices—both along an occupational structure, (3) environmental congruence, and (4) within-occupation congruence. Each of these layers is accompanied by reference to appropriate empirical evidence. A mapping sentence elaborates the inherent idea of the congruence theory. An integrative interpretation is suggested for the variance found in the numerous studies following the congruence theory.
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