Abstract

Shunts between the pulmonary and systemic circulation may occur at atrial, ventricular or arterial level. Non-invasive imaging has substantially improved morbidity and mortality in these patients. Method of choice to visualize shunts is echocardiography. Especially the 3D transesophageal approach is a powerful tool to characterize atrial septal defects and to guide interventional closure. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging has proven a valuable tool to quantify shunt volumes using pulse sequences for phase contrast imaging sequences, to visualize shunts or conduits with 4D angiography sequences and to characterize further congenital cardiovascular defects.

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