Abstract
Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec. is an Amazonian medicinal plant with restricted distribution to the North Region of Brazil. Its bark is commonly used as natural medicines for the treatment of many diseases. Although widely investigated from the phytochemical viewpoint, the knowledge regarding the phenolic content remains unexplored. In order to access the phenolic composition of E. uchi bark, an integrative approach based on simplex-centroid design, direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and chemometric analysis was adopted. In addition, the extracts were evaluated to total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The multivariate analysis pointed to the ethanol-based extracts as the most representative for phenolic compounds, with 3,5-di-O-galloylquinic acid (2), gallic acid (4), 5-galloylquinic acid (5) and gallocatechin gallate (6) tentatively identified by MS analysis, all described for the first time in E. uchi. Besides, pure ethanol extract presented highest total phenolic content (TPC = 133.61 ± 0.3 mg GAE 100 g-1) and antioxidant activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 9.32 ± 0.15). The integrative approach proposed to this work provided an effective way to assess the phenolic compounds of E. uchi bark, therefore, improving the knowledge regarding phenolic content in this Amazonian medicinal plant.
Highlights
Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec. (Humiriaceae), popularly known as “uxi-amarelo” or “uxi-liso”, is a native tree of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest found throughout the Amazon basin.[1]
Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis has been used as an efficient fingerprinting method for rapid detection of bioactive compounds in a complex matrix.[7,8]
The phenolic content of Endopleura uchi bark was tentatively extracted by 7 different extractor solutions using pure or mixtures of three components: dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol
Summary
Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec. (Humiriaceae), popularly known as “uxi-amarelo” or “uxi-liso”, is a native tree of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest found throughout the Amazon basin.[1]. Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis has been used as an efficient fingerprinting method for rapid detection of bioactive compounds in a complex matrix.[7,8] This approach has been successfully applied to the tentative identification of phenolic compounds in several plant species, food, and other products.[9,10] Mass spectrometry-based approaches in combination with statistical mixture designs (e.g., simplexcentroid design) and unsupervised analysis (e.g., principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis) have allowed the identification of synergistic and antagonistic interactions between different extraction solvents, maximizing or minimizing the contents of extracted compounds, and highlighting target compounds.[8,11,12]. Bark extracts of E. uchi were obtained with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol in different combinations, according to simplex-centroid design, and Integrative Approach Based on Simplex-Centroid Design, ESI-MS and Chemometric Analysis. A voucher (No 177673) was deposited in the herbarium of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)
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