Abstract
Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (Lecythidaceae) is a South American tree worldwide known for providing the Brazil nuts. In the Amazon Region, B. excelsa is found in monocultures, integrating agroforestries and providing raw materials for food and timber industries. Through the application of an integrative analysis based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, the present study showed that B. excelsa bark biomass residues contain large quantities of ellagic acid (EA) and its derivatives. Qualitatively, five compounds were characterized for the first time in this species. Quantitations were carried out to determine the total amount of these compounds in outer and inner bark tissues. A total of 4.96 and 44.09 g of EA derivatives per kg of dry residues was determined for the outer and inner barks, respectively. Among the EA derivatives, eschweilenol C, ellagic acid and valoneic acid dilactone were the main compounds. These results pointed B. excelsa barks as a valuable biomass residue with potential to be source of health-promoting compounds. Therefore, a potential raw material as source of valuable bioactive phenolic compounds is described herein.
Highlights
The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa, Bonpl.) is a South American tree and is the name of its commercially harvested edible seeds.[1,2] Especially in the Amazon region, the Brazil nut tree is a frequent component of agroforestry systems because of its adaptation to nutrient-poor upland soils and multiple uses.[3,4,5] The economic interest for exportation relies basically on the edible seeds that are largely applied in food and cosmetic industries, generating $ 30 million annually in Brazil.[6]
The methanol fraction obtained from the solid phase extraction (SPE) fractionation (30 mg) was solubilized in 600 μL of DMSO-d6 and subjected to one-dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on the AVANCE III HD spectrometer (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) operating at 11.75 T, observing 1H and 13C at Integrative Analysis Based on HPLC-diode array detector (DAD)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS and NMR of Bertholletia excelsa Bark Biomass Residues J
Since chemical differences between inner and outer barks were previously established[24] and water has been preferentially used to prepare folk medicines B. excelsa,[25] we choose to study the phenolic composition of aqueous extracts from the biomass waste of Brazil nut timber industry
Summary
The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa, Bonpl.) is a South American tree and is the name of its commercially harvested edible seeds.[1,2] Especially in the Amazon region, the Brazil nut tree is a frequent component of agroforestry systems because of its adaptation to nutrient-poor upland soils and multiple uses.[3,4,5] The economic interest for exportation relies basically on the edible seeds that are largely applied in food and cosmetic industries, generating $ 30 million annually in Brazil.[6]. The methanol fraction obtained from the SPE fractionation (30 mg) was solubilized in 600 μL of DMSO-d6 and subjected to one-dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy on the AVANCE III HD spectrometer (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) operating at 11.75 T, observing 1H and 13C at Integrative Analysis Based on HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and NMR of Bertholletia excelsa Bark Biomass Residues J.
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