Abstract
Pharmaceutical wastewater is a critical issue for environmental and human safety due to its resistant characteristic and toxicity. Studies reported that pharmaceutical residue and several drug metabolites have been detected in the aquatic environment and pose a high risk to humans and the ecosystem. Many technologies are ranging from conventional methods, such as activated sludge, anaerobic digestion, and aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBR), to advanced treatment, such as advanced oxidation process (AOP), or integration of more than one method. Integration of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and constructed wetlands was applied for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment discharged by one of Semarang’s pharmaceutical industry. The performance of UASB and constructed wetlands were evaluated. Up to 75% and 94% of COD removal efficiency was achieved in UASB and constructed wetlands, respectively. An average of 95% of pollutant removal was achieved by the system, indicating the stability and potential of UASB and constructed wetland integration in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
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