Abstract
This work deals with the installation of two smart in-situ sensors (for underwater radioactivity and underwater sound monitoring) on the Western 1-Mediterranean Moored Multisensor Array (W1-M3A) ocean observing system that is equipped with all appropriate modules for continuous, long-term and real-time operation. All necessary tasks for their integration are described such as, the upgrade of the sensors for interoperable and power-efficient operation, the conversion of data in homogeneous and standard format, the automated pre-process of the raw data, the real-time integration of data and metadata (related to data processing and calibration procedure) into the controller of the observing system, the test and debugging of the developed algorithms in the laboratory, and the obtained quality-controlled data. The integration allowed the transmission of the acquired data in near-real time along with a complete set of typical ocean and atmospheric parameters. Preliminary analysis of the data is presented, providing qualitative information during rainfall periods, and combine gamma-ray detection rates with passive acoustic data. The analysis exhibits a satisfactory identification of rainfall events by both sensors according to the estimates obtained by the rain gauge operating on the observatory and the remote observations collected by meteorological radars.
Highlights
A comprehensive understanding of the processes and conditions that affect the state of the marine environment is a key parameter in many fields of environmental science and engineering as well as in natural hazard forecasting efforts
In order to guarantee the full integration of the KATERINA II and underwater passive aquatic listener (UPAL) sensors into the observation system a specific flow of actions has been defined to guarantee synchronization between spectroscopy data, acoustics samples and all other ancillary measurements based on the reference timing obtained by the GPS onboard the platform (Figure 3)
Themeasurements capability of observing system to integrate underwater and intothe its already operational multidisciplinary payload was tested during Fallradioactivity
Summary
A comprehensive understanding of the processes and conditions that affect the state of the marine environment is a key parameter in many fields of environmental science and engineering as well as in natural hazard forecasting efforts. Autonomous sensors able to monitor underwater sound and marine radioactivity can be complementary each other to study rainfall or to detect groundwater discharges, their integration into oceanic platforms is not so conventional due to the intrinsic difference of their operating mode, quality control and quality assurance procedures, heterogeneity of data stream, data processing algorithms, and last but not least due to the power required for continuous and long-term operation. In this frame, the main technical challenges consist in: (a) downsizing the sensors, (b) increasing the channels of serial outputs function of the electronics onboard the observing systems that have the role to schedule the sampling scheme and (c) guaranteeing enough power supply to the scientific payload to be continuously operational.
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