Abstract
Integration of tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control methods is identified as most feasible and effective approach to eradication of African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) and Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). However, little focus is directed towards understanding the drivers of integration of the control methods by farmers. We used cross-sectional data collected from 536 livestock keeping households in Lamu County of Kenya to identify factors influencing multiple use of insecticide treated livestock (ITL), insecticide treated targets (ITT), and treatment with trypanocidal drugs (TTD). Multivariate probit model was applied in estimation of covariates of multiple use of the control methods. Descriptive results indicated that nearly 61% of the livestock keeping households used at least one of the tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control methods, with about 9%, 7%, and 13% of the households using ITL, ITT, and TTD, respectively. The results also indicated that nearly 32% of the households integrated the control methods. Furthermore, multivariate probit results showed that sex of household head, age of farmer, positive perceptions of technology availability and effectiveness, and off-farm income increased the likelihood of integration. In contrast, household size, having agriculture as the main occupation, and cost of the technology significantly reduced the likelihood of multiple use of the control methods. The results suggest heterogeneity in farmers’ decisions to integrate tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control methods. Therefore, farmer outreach programs should consider key household characteristics, as well as technological attributes which may stimulate adoption of appropriate tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control technologies.
Highlights
Tsetse fly is an important insect in Africa, with negative implication on livestock and human health and welfare
The highest proportion of insecticide treated livestock (ITL) users were in Lamu West Sub-County
The insecticide treated targets (ITT) was the least used control method (7%), with nearly about 15% of livestock farmers using it in Lamu East Sub-County and none in Lamu West Sub-county
Summary
Tsetse fly is an important insect in Africa, with negative implication on livestock and human health and welfare. The blood-sucking insect transmits trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness, known as Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), in humans. Trypanosomes cause nagana, known as African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) in livestock (Saarman et al, 2018). Besides its negative effect on human health, the fly is a major livestock production constraint. Recent estimates indicate that AAT results in annual livestock production losses of five billion dollars (Vreysen et al, 2013; Shaw et al, 2014). Tsetse fly affect where people settle, interfering with intensity and diversity of crop and livestock enterprises (Ilemobade, 2009). The net effect of the losses is the stagnated contribution of livestock production to reduction of food insecurity and poverty
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