Abstract
Recent work modeling the rheological behavior of human blood indicates that blood has all the hallmark features of a complex material, including shear-thinning, viscoelastic behavior, yield stress, and thixotropy. Using a recently developed linear superposition technique to account for the effects of thixotropy with the Giesekus model and recently collected human blood rheological data from a strain-controlled rheometer, we perform parametric and statistical analysis of the parameter values of 5 donors. The work is validated with the incorporation of a recent thixotropic framework to model elastic and viscoelastic contributions from the microstructure. The elastic and viscoelastic stress contributions from the microstructure are then linearly superimposed with the viscoelastic backbone solution for stress given by the classic Giesekus rheological model. Demonstrated here are a parametric and statistical analysis and a comparison of the ability of the new enhanced thixotropic Giesekus model to predict large amplitude oscillatory shear and uni-directional large amplitude oscillatory shear flow. In addition, there is a new methodology to model the normal forces of blood. We compare this approach to other recently developed enhanced thixotropic Oldroyd-8 inspired models.
Highlights
Many fluids and complex materials possess unique properties that render typical rheological models unsuitable for effective analysis
Recent work modeling the rheological behavior of human blood indicates that blood has all of the hallmark features of a complex material, including shearthinning, viscoelastic behavior, yield stress, and thixotropy
Fibrinogen proteins may act to link the faces of red blood cells to one another to form an aggregation reminiscent of a coin stack
Summary
Many fluids and complex materials possess unique properties that render typical rheological models unsuitable for effective analysis These particular fluids may demonstrate non-Newtonian properties by the nature of their viscosity and elasticity or may possess a microstructure that interacts with the solvent “backbone” to alter fluid behavior. One example of such a fluid is human blood due to the properties and interactions between its component red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and other materials. Recent work modeling the rheological behavior of human blood indicates that blood has all of the hallmark features of a complex material, including shearthinning, viscoelastic behavior, yield stress, and thixotropy.1 This anomalous behavior can be attributed to the formation, breakdown, and evolution of rouleaux structures, cylindrical, “coin-like” stacks of red blood cells. Blood is best described as a thixo-elasto-visco-plastic fluid (TEVP).
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