Integration of remote sensing, GIS and 2D resistivity methods in groundwater development

Gabriel Efomeh Omolaiye,Oluseun Adetola Sanuade,Adebowale Elijah Ayolabi,Ilesanmi Michael Oladapo,Rotimi Peter Akinwale,Kayode Lanre Omolaye,Akinpelumi Adewale Akinola

doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01219-x

Abstract

An integration of remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) and 2D resistivity techniques was used to evaluate the groundwater potential of Obafemi Owode local government area (LGA) in Ogun State, southwestern Nigeria. A composite Landsat 7 image was used to produce land use and lineament of the study area. Advanced space-borne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) data were used to generate slope and drainage density. The study adopted modified drastic model for groundwater potential, integrating six parameters which are land use, lineament density, slope, drainage density, geology and soil map. The contribution of each theme to groundwater potential was weighted and ranked using ArcGIS 10.2 software. The groundwater potential zone of the study area delineated five distinct zones which include very high (196.39 km2), high (334.64 km2), moderate (481.76 km2), low (298.46 km2) and very low (95.73 km2). Eight zones were delineated for further study. A total of 4.8 line km of 2D resistivity profiles were investigated in one of the designated zones labeled “area D” based on the groundwater potential map. Pole–dipole and dipole–dipole arrays used reveal five geoelectric layers within the study area. The 2D inverse models of resistivity variation with depth suggest the occurrence of potential carbonate and silicate aquifers. To verify the interpreted results within the “high” groundwater potential zone, a well was drilled on traverse 1. A potential water-bearing aquifer was encountered at a depth of 75 m. The groundwater potential map of the study area was tested with five existing wells, and the result was impressive. The outcomes from this study show that the high potential zones would play a key role in future expansion of drinking water and irrigation development in the study area.

Highlights

It is globally acknowledged that the world’s freshwater resources are limited and cannot continue forever to sustain the rising demands we make on them
Remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques were employed for reconnaissance survey at Obafemi Owode local government area (LGA) to delineate potential zones of groundwater, while 2D resistivity survey was conducted within one of the potential groundwater zones delineated by the integration of GIS and remote sensing
The resistivity profiles delineated three major aquifers within the survey area based on the inference from resistivity values, previous knowledge and regional geology of the area; the region between shot point 120 to 250 on profile one was recommended for citing a borehole for groundwater development in the study area (Table 5)

Summary

Introduction

It is globally acknowledged that the world’s freshwater resources are limited and cannot continue forever to sustain the rising demands we make on them. GIS provides the capability in the management and integration of large volume of spatial and temporal data efficiently This will help in narrowing down the potential areas for conducting detailed hydrogeological and geophysical survey on the ground, and to locate the site for drilling. Sedimentation in the northern zone began during the Maastrichtian and situated inland close to the periphery of the basin During this time, a thin sequence (< 200 m) of unconsolidated sand, grits, silts, clay and shale was deposited. Beneath this profile of units or formations lies the basement complex which is directly under the Abeokuta formation (Fig. 4)

Materials and methods

Conclusions

Findings

Compliance with ethical standards