Abstract
The paper provides an overview of molecular-genetic approaches to gene pool conservation, population-genetic monitoring of captive breeding, and reintroduction of the Russian endemic and world rare species, the Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus Pallas). The following issues are discussed: the taxonomic position of the Siberian crane in the Gruidae family (Aves); estimation of the levels of genetic diversity, differentiation, and relatedness in the captive population; individual genetic passportization and identification by microsatellite loci; DNA analysis of the paternity of birds obtained as a result of artificial insemination; problems of inbreeding and their prevention in captivity; genetic identification of interspecific hybrids; and molecular sex determination by specific DNA-markers. Key directions for further research are suggested: broadening the scale of genetic monitoring in the captive population and analysis of genetic diversity of the Siberian crane in the wild.
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