Integration of Energy Systems with Other Medical Devices

Abstract

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) from medical equipment may originate from multiple sources and interfere with implantable electronic devices in the patient. Such implanted devices include cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), i.e., pacemakers and implantable defibrillators; deep brain, spinal cord, vagal nerve and sacral nerve (bladder) stimulators; implantable infusion pumps and cochlear implants. The scope of this discussion is limited to CIED. EMI can be generated by many devices in the operating room and elsewhere within the hospital. These include monopolar electrosurgical and endoscopic devices, radiofrequency ablation, electrocardiographic monitors, fluid and blood warmers, MRI and CT scanners, and peripheral nerve stimulators. Ultrasonic shears generate mechanical rather than electromagnetic energy and are therefore safe to use in the presence of implantable devices. One must remember, however, that any energy device has the potential to cause damage, particularly to surrounding structures.