Abstract
In this paper, the integration of directional antennas in a room-level received signal strength (RSS) fingerprinting-based indoor localization system (ILS) is studied. The sensor reader (SR), which is in charge of capturing the RSS to infer the tag position, can be attached to an omnidirectional or directional antenna. Unlike commonly-employed omnidirectional antennas, directional antennas can receive a stronger signal from the direction in which they are pointed, resulting in a different RSS distributions in space and, hence, more distinguishable fingerprints. A simulation tool and a system management software have been also developed to control the system and assist the initial antenna deployment, reducing time-consuming costs. A prototype was mounted in a real scenario, with a number of SRs with omnidirectional and directional antennas properly positioned. Different antenna configurations have been studied, evidencing a promising capability of directional antennas to enhance the performance of RSS fingerprinting-based ILS, reducing the number of required SRs and also increasing the localization success.
Highlights
Many context-aware applications require services dependent on the user/tag location [1]
The present paper addresses the integration of directional antennas to enhance the performance of receive signal strength (RSS) fingerprinting-based indoor localization systems (ILS)
received signal strength (RSS) fingerprinting-based ILS has been developed for research purposes, with a localization engine based on an artificial neural network (ANN) to infer the tag position
Summary
Many context-aware applications require services dependent on the user/tag location [1]. Independent of the inferring technique, the unpredictable temporal fluctuation of the RSS inside indoor buildings is one of the main issues that any RSS-based ILS encounters and which jeopardizes their robustness and maximum accuracy [16,17] These irregularities of the electromagnetic channel are produced by uncontrolled factors, such as interfering electric/electronic devices, people moving, open/closed doors, temperature/humidity variation as a function of the daytime/climatology and other dynamic phenomena [29,30].
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