Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the integration of titanium micro-implants installed in conjunction with previously dentin-grafted areas and to study the morphological appearance, mineral content, and healing pattern of xenogenic EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks and granules grafted to cavities in the tibial bone of rabbits. Demineralized and non-demineralized dentin blocks and granules from human premolars were implanted into cavities prepared on the lateral aspects of the tibias of rabbits. After a healing period of six months, micro-implants were installed at each surgical site. Histological examinations were carried out after 24 weeks. Characterization of the EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks was performed by means of light microscopy, dental X-rays, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). No implants were found to be integrated in direct contact with the dentin particles or blocks. On the EDTA-conditioned dentin surface, the organic marker elements C and N dominated, as revealed by EDX. The hydroxyapatite constituents Ca and P were almost absent on the dentin surface. No statistically significant difference was observed between the EDTA-conditioned and non-demineralized dentin, as revealed by BIC and BA. The bone-inductive capacity of the dentin material seemed limited, although demineralization by means of EDTA indicated higher BIC and BA values in conjunction with the installed implants in the area. A 12 h EDTA treatment did not fully decalcify the grafts, as revealed by X-ray analysis.
Highlights
With improved titanium surface properties, rehabilitation with dental implants has improved considerably over time
The aims of this study were to investigate the morphological appearance and mineral content in preconditioned dentin grafts, to study the healing pattern of xenogenic demineralized dentin blocks and granules grafted onto cavities created in the tibial bone of rabbits, and to analyze the integration of titanium micro-implants installed in previously dentin-grafted areas
After 4 weeks of decalcification, the dentin grafts could not be discerned in the images (Figure 3c)
Summary
With improved titanium surface properties, rehabilitation with dental implants has improved considerably over time. The time to obtain osseointegration is shortened, and secondary stability is improved [1]. Autogenous bone is considered the gold standard among the various types of bone graft materials, there are shortcomings such as donor site morbidity, limitations in the quantity of available bone, the prolongation of surgery, and treatment costs. For this reason, active research on new bone graft materials with a bone regeneration ability equivalent to autogenous bone but without the limitations of allogenic, xenogenic, and synthetic bone is constantly ongoing
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