Abstract
Although high rise buildings were designed mainly in box forms throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, their architectural forms have undergone dramatic changes in the second half of the 20th century due to the demand for iconic buildings in growing cities. With the beginning of the 21st century, a number of unconventional, non-orthogonal forms can be seen throughout the Middle Eastern and Asian cities, which are now the leaders of high rise building construction throughout of the world. Until the 1980s, the International Style and modernist tall buildings were characterized by repetitive, prismatic and vertical combinations were predominant, as well as the flat roofs. The exterior facade was generally of a constant or a smoothly varying profile designed with rigourous disciplines. With the boredom of this monotony, these box forms were then replaced by non-orthogonal and non-conventional forms, such as cylindric, curvilinear, aero-dymanic shapes, by the advent of advanced structural systems, such as diagrids, mega frames, outrigger systems, and etc. By these advances in the form and structure of tall buildings, the non-orthogonal and iconic structures have emerged. Such changes in the architectural form and organization of high rise buildings were necessitated by the emerging architectural and structural trends in design, economic demands, and technological developments in the realms of technological innovations, such as structural analysis and digital design methods made possible by the advent of high-speed digital computers.This paper tends to draw attention to the close interaction between the architectural and structural design of high-rise buildings of non-orthogonal forms. Initially the emergence of non-orthogonal forms is defined, and the non-orthogonal forms utilized for high-rise buildings are classified. After dealing with the structural design considerations and presenting a number of structural systems widely used for non-orthogonal high-rise buildings, the significance and necessity of the integration between architectural and structural design process is presented. Finally a framework is adviced for achieving a successful integration in order to evolve an architecturally pleasing and structurally efficienct high-rise building.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.7.2.7046
Highlights
Until recently high-rise buildings have been viewed as mega-scale structures, which are unsustainable dur to their large amount of energy consumption, and because of their ordinary, box forms that do not reflect any architectural quality, design originality and regional character
This is changing with a new generation of high-rise buildings that are designed for sustainability, in order to reduce environmental impacts, and reflects social and cultural qualities as well
Today wind tunnel tests are imperative for structural analysis, and for revisions in the architectural design as well. These analyses offer the structural engineer the opportunity to provide enough provision about the building’s response to wind
Summary
Until recently high-rise buildings have been viewed as mega-scale structures, which are unsustainable dur to their large amount of energy consumption, and because of their ordinary, box forms that do not reflect any architectural quality, design originality and regional character. The existence for a high rise building, which reflects an original, iconic design innovation, as well as cultural and regional aspects of the society, satisfies its owner, and the citizens as well This building typology emerged in the late nineteenth century in North American cities, such as New York and Chicago, today most of the World’s tallest buildings are located in the Middle Eastern and Asian cities. Today a number of unconventional and non-orthogonal high-rise buildings are being designed and constructed with the advent of new structural schemes and computational architectural design methods. These out-of-box, free forms can be stated as cylindrical, curvilinear, aerodynamic, leaned, twisting, tilting, and etc. A framework is advised for achieving a successful integration in order to evolve an architecturally pleasing and structurally efficient high-rise building
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
