Abstract
Safe navigation in restricted waters continues to be a perennial concern for shipowners, operators, navigators, and citizens. Much research has been conducted in order to determine the most efficient and effective methods for improving the safety of navigation and for training ships' officers and pilots. Decision aids improving the safety of navigation and supporting the cognitive skills of piloting—maneuvering, collision avoidance, and the practice of good seamanship—are of substantial interest. These decision aids can be standalone systems or embedded within an integrated bridge system or electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS), and can exhibit the properties of a real time knowledge-based control system. Following the March 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) began the development of a real time expert system, the Shipboard Piloting Expert System (SPES). This real time expert system was developed as an embedded intelligent software module within the ExxBridge integrated bridge system developed for Exxon Shipping Company3 by Sperry Marine, Inc. This paper describes the Shipboard Piloting Expert System, its integration and installation aboard the Exxon Benicia,4and preliminary results of a 20-month operational assessment aboard the Exxon Benicia. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of future directions for the system.
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