Abstract
The strategy of transition of the industry to the innovation way of development should include the restructuring of the Russian industrial companies on the basis of creation of the integrated and diversified economic structures on the technological chain of value added. Analysis of changes in the external environment of enterprises in modern conditions confirms the findings of the institutional theory that the development of global technological circuits and networks is the most effective form of management. To the number of the organizational-economic prerequisites for the formation of integrated technological circuits include the globalization of the economy, information production and distribution of material goods and services, the individualization of marketing, related to the saturation of the markets and the change of their structure, the development of logistics management methods and the flow of information and subcontracting (subcontracting) relations of big and small business.
Highlights
Ɂɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɜɚɢɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɛɥɚɝɢɭɫɥɭɝɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹɫɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟɦɪɵɧɤɨɜɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɢɯɫɬɪɭɤɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɬɭɪɵɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɨɜɚɪɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɵɦɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɩɨɬɨɤɚɦɢɢɫɭɛɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɩɨɞɪɹɞɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɢɦɚɥɨɝɨɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɯɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢɤɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɜɬɨɪɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ключевые слова: ɜɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯəɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɪɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɰɟɩɨɱɤɚɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
Ɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɷɬɢɦɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤɜɵɛɨɪɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɫɛɵɬɚɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢɬɚɤɨɣɰɟɩɨɱɤɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹɮɢɪɦɵɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɚɝ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹɫɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɩɨɬɨɤɚɦɢɢɫɭɛɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɩɨɞɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɢɦɚɥɨɝɨɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ
Ɉɬɫɬɚɜɚɧɢɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɚɪɯɚɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ 0F.LQVH\ >@ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ± ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦɜɋɒȺɢȿɋɩɪɢɱɟɦɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɥɢɬɟɣɧɵɟ ɤɭɡɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɯɚ ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɰɟɯɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɧɟɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɧɨɢɧɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɪɵɧɤɟ ɋɭɱɟɬɨɦɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɵɲɟɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɪɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦ ɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɡɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɝɢɛɤɨɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɚɛɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɤɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɦɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɪɢɫɤɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɦɟɠɞɭɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ
Summary
Ɂɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɜɚɢɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɛɥɚɝɢɭɫɥɭɝɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹɫɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟɦɪɵɧɤɨɜɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɢɯɫɬɪɭɤɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɬɭɪɵɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɨɜɚɪɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɵɦɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɩɨɬɨɤɚɦɢɢɫɭɛɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɩɨɞɪɹɞɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɢɦɚɥɨɝɨɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɯɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢɤɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɜɬɨɪɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ключевые слова: ɜɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯəɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɪɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɰɟɩɨɱɤɚɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
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