Abstract
Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (Li-ion BESS), due to their capability in providing both active and reactive power services, act as a bridging technology for efficient implementation of active network management (ANM) schemes for land-based grid applications. Due to higher integration of intermittent renewable energy sources in the distribution system, transient instability may induce power quality issues, mainly in terms of voltage fluctuations. In such situations, ANM schemes in the power network are a possible solution to maintain operation limits defined by grid codes. However, to implement ANM schemes effectively, integration and control of highly flexible Li-ion BESS play an important role, considering their performance characteristics and economics. Hence, in this paper, an energy management system (EMS) has been developed for implementing the ANM scheme, particularly focusing on the integration design of Li-ion BESS and the controllers managing them. Developed ANM scheme has been utilized to mitigate MV network issues (i.e. voltage stability and adherence to reactive power window). The efficiency of Li-ion BESS integration methodology, performance of the EMS controllers to implement ANM scheme and the effect of such ANM schemes on integration of Li-ion BESS, i.e. control of its grid-side converter (considering operation states and characteristics of the Li-ion BESS) and their coordination with the grid side controllers have been validated by means of simulation studies in the Sundom smart grid network, Vaasa, Finland.
Highlights
Stochastic and unpredictable nature of the renewable energy sources (RES) and their geographic distribution, often in remote areas with weak electricity distribution network, induce various grid-related challenges
In order to implement active network management (ANM) schemes, distributed energy resources (DERs) in the distribution network (i.e. MV and LV systems) play an important role in providing flexibility in the power system for local and system wide grid resiliency, along with maximizing network DER hosting capacity [8, 9]. These flexibilities consist of active power (P-) control and reactive power (Q-) control of flexible resources like controllable DER units, battery energy storage systems (BESS), controllable loads and electric vehicles (EVs) which are connected in distribution networks, thereby providing different local and system-wide technical services as part of future ANM schemes [4, 10, 11]
To validate the developed ANM scheme and the Li-ion BESS integration design, the backup feeding use case in the SSG has been modelled. Under this use case condition, the voltages and the reactive power window (RPW) window limits are expected to be under duress, especially at low wind turbine generator (WTG), which will be addressed by the available flexibility (i.e. Liion BESS and WTG) in the MV distribution system with the help of developed energy management system (EMS) thereby providing active network management services
Summary
Stochastic and unpredictable nature of the renewable energy sources (RES) and their geographic distribution, often in remote areas with weak electricity distribution network, induce various grid-related challenges. In such situations, managing power balance and grid stability is a challenging task, as these factors depend on a number of variables depending on the network topology [1,2,3]. In order to implement ANM schemes, distributed energy resources (DERs) in the distribution network (i.e. MV and LV systems) play an important role in providing flexibility in the power system for local and system wide grid resiliency, along with maximizing network DER hosting capacity [8, 9]. These flexibilities consist of active power (P-) control and reactive power (Q-) control of flexible resources like controllable DER units, battery energy storage systems (BESS), controllable loads and electric vehicles (EVs) which are connected in distribution networks, thereby providing different local and system-wide technical services as part of future ANM schemes [4, 10, 11]
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