Abstract
In the present work we highlight the effectiveness of integrating different techniques and tools for better surveying, mapping and collecting data in volcanic areas. We use an Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) approach for data collection, integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis in a well-known volcanological site in Santorini (Metaxa mine), a site where volcanic processes influenced the island’s industrial development, especially with regard to pumice mining. Specifically, we have focused on: (i) three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution IVR scenario building, based on Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM) modeling; (ii) subsequent geological survey, mapping and data collection using IVR; (iii) data analysis, e.g., calculation of extracted volumes, as well as production of new maps in a GIS environment using input data directly from the IVR survey; and finally, (iv) presentation of new outcomes that highlight the importance of the Metaxa Mine as a key geological and volcanological geosite.
Highlights
Three-dimensional (3D) models of mines that depict the floor, walls and benches provide the basis for several types of mining management and safety applications, including slope stabilityAppl
Photogrammetric-based surveys involve a digital photography collection from a flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform; these images have the characteristics of large overlap areas between sequential images, multiple viewing angles as the drone passes over the site and high ground resolution [1,5]
Hereunder we describe the steps we adopted to produce the 3D tiled model, Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and Orthomosaic, following a common workflow designed by previous authors [27,65,66]; we applied new settings suggested in the Agisoft METASHAPE forum, especially to work with Oblique pictures
Summary
Three-dimensional (3D) models of mines that depict the floor, walls and benches provide the basis for several types of mining management and safety applications, including slope stability. An area and around outcrops, switch to flying mode to map vertical cliffs, and, more importantly, The use of IVR for survey and data collection in volcanic areas allows the user to walk within an map features and take measurements in the same way as when working in the field. A variety of spatial analysis software programs are available for handling a wide range of spatial problems, beginning with approaches for describing spatial objects with quite complex analyses and Another significant area of 3D GIS research is devoted to Web applications. We construct a 3D Digital Outcrop Model (DOM) and we utilize this to carry out a geological survey of the mine, for data collection in IVR These data are imported into a GIS environment for analysis (see Section 5).
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